Source: cleanenergynews.ihsmarkit.com
India intends to quintuple the size of a subsidy scheme for domestic solar photovoltaic (PV) module makers, pushing forward with the country's Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-reliant India) strategy for decarbonizing its economy.
To help counter climate change, the world's third largest GHG emitter is aiming to have 500 GW of renewable energy capacity installed by 2030—including at least 280 GW of solar—before reaching neto-nullheitmeid by 2070.
"This decarbonization strategy opens up huge employment opportunities and will take the country on a sustainable development path," Indian Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman told the country's parliament in aasta eelarvekõne 1 February.
2022. aasta aprilli kuni 2023. aasta märtsi eelarves eraldaks New Delhi tootmisseotud stiimulite (PLI) programmile täiendavalt 19 500 miljardit rupiat (2,61 miljardit), et edendada kodumaist fotoelektriliste moodulite tootmist, ütles Sitharaman.
PLI, mis alustas eelmise aastaeelarvega 4500 miljonit (600 miljonit) ruupiat, pakub toetusi valitud moodultehastele nende müügi, tootekvaliteedi ja kohaliku sisu alusel.
IHS Markit estimates 80 percent -90 percent of India's solar components are imported, with China the main supplier. Government figures show India currently has annual production capacity of just 2.5 GW for PV cells and 9-10 GW for modules.
But the initial PLI budget will help drive the expansion of India-based manufacturers, according to the National Investment Promotion Facilitation Agency (NIPFA), and India's capacity of integrated module plants that can convert wafer-ingots to modules is expected to jõudma 10 GWni by the end of March 2023.
The government agency expects India's annual module manufacturing capacity to expand by 30-35 GW between 2021 and 2025, in part driven by strong demand and policy incentives.
New Delhi is hoping to generate employment opportunities and attract foreign investment as a result of expanding the PV manufacturing sector, said Amit Manohar, NIPFA investeerimisspetsialist.
"After a decade of innovation and cost reductions, the solar energy sector has evolved to a major source of energy, and it could potentially serve 30 percent or more of India's electricity demand by 2030," Manohar said.
Atmanirbhar Bharati strateegia
Since 2020, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has been promoting the Atmanirbhar Bharat strategy in several sectors—including renewables—to boost domestic manufacturing capacity in a post-COVID recovery.
2021. aasta aprilli kuni 2022. aasta märtsi eelarves süstis New Delhi India päikeseenergia korporatsioonile 1 000 miljardit ruupiat (133 miljonit) ja India taastuvenergia arendusagentuuri 1500 miljonit ruupiat (200 miljonit). Üksused vastutavad erinevate keskvalitsuse{8}}sponsoreeritud ergutusprogrammide juhtimise eest.
Alates 2021. aasta aprillist on keskvalitsuse sponsoreeritud päikeseenergia pakkumistele pakkumisi lubatud teha ainult -India heakskiidetud moodulitootjate nimekirjas olevatel ettevõtetel.
Samuti plaanib valitsus kehtestada alates aprillist imporditavatele päikesemoodulitele 40-protsendiline ja elementidele 25-protsendine baastollimaks.
Kashish Shah, an analyst at the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis, suggested the policy initiatives' effects are likely to be compounded by tarneahela probleemid in the global PV industry. "Module manufacturing in India has never been more viable," Shah ütles last December.
Tugevate poliitiliste signaalide tõttu on mõned India suuremad ettevõtted teatanud suurtest taastuvenergia investeerimisprogrammidest, mis keskenduvad tugevalt päikeseenergiale.
Olles seadnud eesmärgiks ehitada 2030. aastaks 100 GW päikeseenergia võimsust, teatas Reliance Industries eelmisel aastal, et käivitab pärast REC Groupi 771 miljoni eest omandamist Jamnagaris integreeritud PV-paneelide tehase. Tehase esialgne võimsus peaks olema 4 GW aastas, enne kui see lõpuks tõuseb 10 GW-ni.
In January, Reliance, India's largest publicly traded company by market capitalization, announced taastuvenergia investeerimisalgatused totaling Rs 595,500 crore (80 billion), and a substantial proportion of the money will be used to develop manufacturing facilities for PV modules, electrolyzers, batteries, fuel cells, as well as hydrogen and low-carbon energy projects in Gujarat over the next 10-15 years.
Rival conglomerate Adani rühm plans to invest 50 billion to 70 billion in decarbonization projects in the next decade, including 20 billion in renewable energy generation. It aims to have a solar manufacturing capacity of 2 GW per annum by the end of March 2023.
While the government's policies are prompting more investment in domestic manufacturing, IHS Markit Renewable Analyst Ankita Chauhan warned of short-term disruptions to solar installations in the country.
"Current domestic manufacturing is not sufficient to meet the domestic demand, and it may take another three to five years to build it up," said Chauhan, adding that the policies favoring Indian manufacturers will push up overall costs, and restrict vendor choices for procurement and project timelines.
Näidake mulle raha
Viimases aastaeelarves teatas India valitsus ka, et parandab ringlussevõttu, edendab agrometsandust, võtab vastu elektrisõidukite akude vahetamise poliitika, kui laadimisvõrgud ei ole elujõulised, ja asendab 5–7 protsenti soojuselektrijaamades kasutatavast kivisöest. biomassi graanulid, teiste dekarboniseerimismeetmete hulgas.
Sitharaman said India will issue sovereign green bonds in the coming fiscal year to fund "green infrastructure" in the public sector, without elaborating.
Official data showed India had 150.5 GW of renewable capacity installed in November when large hydropower projects were taken into account. This means annual capacity additions of 40-50 GW will be required to meet the government's 500 GW target by 2030.
"On a very conservative capital funding calculation the investment required for achieving the target is approximately 210 billion," said Manohar, adding that both public and private stakeholders need to contribute.
Eelmisel kuul avaldatud teates hindasid IHS Markiti analüütikud, et India vajab 2030. aasta eesmärgi saavutamiseks rohkem kui 28 miljardit aastas investeeringuid, võrreldes viimase viie aasta keskmise kuluga 7 miljardit.
"Project developers are tapping international capital markets to access low-cost financing, but the government needs to improve regulatory transparency, introduce a uniform green taxonomy, and provide targeted interventions to improve access to low-cost international capital," the note said.
Lisaks vähesele{0}}süsinikdioksiidi tootmisvõimsusele raha paigutamisele ütlesid USA Lawrence Berkeley riikliku labori teadlased, et India sidusrühmad peavad võrgu stabiilsuse tagamiseks investeerima 40 miljardit 63 GW akusalvestusse.
Still, they believe renewable expansion will be the cheapest overall option in meeting India's rising electricity demand.
"Dramatic cost reductions over the last decade for wind, solar, and battery storage technologies position India to leapfrog to a more flexible, robust, and sustainable power system for delivering affordable and reliable power to serve demand that will nearly double by 2030," they said in uuring published last December.
